Gynecology & Women’s Health

PCOS: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options

Irregular periods, acne and unexplained weight gain could be signs of PCOS. Here’s what every woman should know about symptoms, causes and treatment.

September 2026 7 min read Reviewed by Dr. Pradeep Manmath Musale

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, commonly known as PCOS, is one of the most common hormonal conditions affecting women of reproductive age. At Akshay Nursing Home, Thergaon, Pune, our gynecology team sees PCOS-related concerns nearly every day — from teenagers with irregular cycles to women trying to conceive. The good news: with the right diagnosis and a consistent treatment plan, PCOS can be managed very effectively.

What is PCOS?

PCOS is a hormonal disorder in which the ovaries produce higher-than-normal levels of androgens (male hormones). This hormonal imbalance can interfere with ovulation, leading to irregular or missed periods, and often causes small fluid-filled sacs (follicles) to develop along the outer edge of the ovary.

Common Symptoms of PCOS

Symptoms vary from woman to woman, but the most frequently reported signs include:

  • Irregular, infrequent or prolonged menstrual cycles
  • Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism)
  • Persistent acne or oily skin, especially along the jawline
  • Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight
  • Thinning hair or hair fall on the scalp
  • Darkening of skin along neck folds, underarms or groin
  • Difficulty conceiving due to irregular ovulation

When to see a doctor: If your periods are consistently irregular, or you notice several of the symptoms above together, it’s worth booking a consultation rather than waiting it out. Early evaluation makes long-term management far easier.

What Causes PCOS?

The exact cause of PCOS isn’t fully understood, but several factors are known to contribute:

  • Insulin resistance – high insulin levels can increase androgen production
  • Genetics – PCOS often runs in families
  • Low-grade inflammation – linked with higher androgen levels
  • Lifestyle factors – sedentary routines, poor sleep and high-sugar diets can worsen symptoms

How is PCOS Diagnosed?

There is no single test for PCOS. Our gynecologists typically diagnose it using a combination of a detailed menstrual and symptom history, a physical examination, blood tests to check hormone levels, and a pelvic ultrasound. Akshay Nursing Home’s in-house diagnostic services allow hormone panels and ultrasound scans to be completed on the same premises, so you get a clear picture without running between labs.

Treatment Options for PCOS

Treatment is tailored to your specific goals — whether that’s regulating periods, managing acne and hair growth, or improving fertility.

  • Menstrual regulation: Hormonal therapy can help restore a predictable cycle and protect the uterine lining
  • Metabolic management: Insulin-sensitising medication and dietary changes to address insulin resistance
  • Fertility support: Ovulation-inducing medication and monitoring for women who are trying to conceive — our infertility care programme is closely integrated with PCOS management
  • Ayurvedic support: Many patients benefit from combining conventional treatment with Ayurvedic therapies aimed at hormonal balance and metabolism, offered under one roof at Akshay Nursing Home

Lifestyle Tips That Help

Alongside medical treatment, small consistent habits make a real difference:

  • Aim for 30 minutes of moderate activity most days of the week
  • Favour whole grains, lean protein and fibre over refined sugar
  • Prioritise 7–8 hours of sleep — poor sleep worsens insulin resistance
  • Track your cycle so you and your doctor can spot patterns early

Frequently Asked Questions

Can PCOS be cured completely?

PCOS is a manageable, long-term condition rather than one with a permanent “cure.” With consistent treatment and lifestyle habits, most women lead symptom-free, healthy lives and are able to conceive when ready.

Does PCOS always affect fertility?

Not always. PCOS can make ovulation irregular, but many women with PCOS conceive naturally or with minimal medical support. If you’ve been trying for a while without success, our fertility specialists can help identify the best path forward.

Is PCOS the same as PCOD?

No — they’re related but different conditions. Read our detailed comparison in PCOD vs PCOS: Difference, Symptoms & Treatment.

Dr. Pradeep Manmath Musale

Consultant Obstetrician & Gynecologist — Akshay Nursing Home, Thergaon, Pune. 30+ years of clinical, academic and surgical experience in women’s health.

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